Symptoms Of Bladder Cancer In Men
Bladder cancer is a type of cancer in the bladder. This disease affects about four times as many men as women and especially people over the sixties. Bladder cancer is the fourth most common tumor in men and the eighth in women.
Gross hematuria, blood in the urine that is visible to the naked eye is the common symptoms this disease.
In bladder cancer, there are malignant cells in the bladder. In 90% of cases, they occur in the bladder's mucosa wall. There is then a urinary cell tumor or transitional epithelial carcinoma. Tumors of the bladder may also be benign; These are called polyps. However, the probability of a benign polyp is only about 5%. Usually, the early stages of bladder cancer cause bleeding but little or other symptoms. The symptoms are also more likely to be caused by a urinary tract infection, bladder stones, an overactive bladder, and an enlarged prostate in men.
Bladder cancer causes
The exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown, but there are several factors that can play a role in getting bladder cancer:
- Smokers have three times as much chance of bladder cancer as non-smokers.
- Regulated exposure to certain dyes gives an increased chance, such as aromatic amines. These carcinogens occur in certain dyes and have been used extensively in the textile, plastics, dyes and rubber industries.
- Chemotherapy and exposure of the lower body to radiation or radiotherapy can increase the risk of bladder cancer.
- After prolonged irritation, tumors may develop, such as chronic bladder infection or bladder stones.
- In some families, a hereditary form of bladder cancer occurs. This may be the case when two family members in the first line (father, mother, brother or sister) have been diagnosed with bladder cancer.
- In some developing countries, prolonged parasitic bladder infection with the worm schistosomiasis can cause bladder cancer.
The diagnosis of bladder cancer is based on complaints, urine and blood examination, and additional research. These studies may include blistering (cystoscopy), ultrasound, CT scan, MRI and renal and urinary tract contrast, also called IVP (intravenous pyelogram).
In order to make a final diagnosis, a piece of tissue (biopsy) is needed. This is obtained during a cystoscopy and then examined microscopically. A botscan can also be done to detect any abnormalities bones in the bones.
Symptoms of bladder cancer
The most common bladder cancer symptoms are:
- Blood in the urine (hematuria). This blood loss can be very small, which can not always be seen with the naked eye, but only under the microscope. It may also disappear for a long time. Such a warning signs can then easily be overlooked, while the tumor develops further.
- Pain in peeing.
- Farmer to pee.
- Regular bladder infections.
If the bladder tumor grows or spreads, it can cause pain in the lower part of the abdomen. In the case of a high bladder tumor, the swelling may clog the access from the kidney to the bladder. Then urine accumulates in the kidneys (hydronephrosis). This can cause pain on the side. Sometimes bladder cancer may cause bleeding which is so severe that emergency hospitalization and immediate blood transfusion are necessary.
Treatment of bladder cancer
The treatment of bladder cancer depends among other things on:
- The type of bladder cancer.
- The number of tumors.
- Somebody's general health condition.
- Or and how far the tumor has grown into the blood vessels and surrounding tissues.
- Depending on the shape and stage of cancer and organs affected, treatment may consist of curative treatment or palliative treatment. Curative treatment is aimed at the cure of the bladder cancer. Palliative treatment is not aimed at a cure but on symptom control.
Surgery
Small tumors that have not affected the bladder muscles can be removed during a viewing operation (cystoscopy). This is also called a TUR (transurethral resection). Through the urethra, instruments are blown into the bladder to remove the tumor.
When the tumor has grown in the muscle, the bladder is removed. Next, an artificial urinary urethra is made (urostomy). Sometimes the ureters are diverted to the rectum. In practice, this means that someone then "plastic" through the anus.
Another possibility is to loosen a small intestine from the rest of the intestine and use it to construct a new bladder. Via a special opening in the abdominal wall, someone loses the urine (neo or replacement bladder).
Blow molding
In tumors that have penetrated deeper into the bladder wall, the treatment of anti-cancer drugs consists. These are injected directly into the bladder to shrink the swelling. Chemotherapy and BCG are used for this purpose. BCG is a vaccine against tuberculosis, which also appears to work in bladder cancer.
These bladder swabs are also applied after surgery. This will minimize the risk of tumor recurrence.
Irradiation
In very aggressive tumor types, with the chance of rapid growth or sowing, the entire bladder is usually removed surgically. This may or may not be combined with irradiation of the bladder and surrounding area. This radiation can be administered both externally and internally.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (other than bladder purging) is used in bladder cancer in combination with irradiation or surgery and as so-called palliative treatment. This last form of treatment is aimed at reducing the complaints, while a cure is no longer possible.
Prospects
Is bladder cancer curable? It is often difficult to blow bladder tumors. They tend to come back after someone had already been cured.
As a measure of the success of the treatment, the so-called 5-year survival is often taken. This is the percentage of people still alive 5 years after diagnosis. This percentage depends on the type of bladder cancer and the stage at which the disease is at the time of diagnosis.
The 5-year survival ranges from around 90 percent to superficial blistering tumors to just over 10 percent when there are other organs.
*Image source : National Cancer Institute
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