Causes of Uterine Cancer
Increased estrogen level. Estrogen is the most important female hormone. Before menopause, hormones estrogen and progesterone cause the endometrium to build up every month and then shed off the menstrual period. The estrogen level may be increased:
- If you have never been pregnant and have borne.
- If you have obesity or obesity. (Fat cells make a certain amount of estrogen.)
- If you have a certain tumor it produces estrogen.
- If you get late in menopause (after your 52nd) or at a very young age, you are already going to menstruate.
Endometrial Hyperplasia. This is a benign condition in which the uterine mucosa develops more than usual. It can lead to heavy menstrual periods or irregular bleeding after menopause. Most women with this disorder do not develop cancer, but the risk seems to increase slightly.
Tamoxifen. This is a medicine used to treat breast cancer. The causes of uterine cancer by tamoxifen is very small - about 1 in 500. However, the benefits of taking tamoxifen weigh usually heavier than the risks.
Diabetes. There seems to be a slightly increased risk in women with diabetes.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome. These are cysts in the ovaries. There is a very slightly increased risk in women with this condition.
Diet. There are many fewer cases of endometrial cancer in certain Eastern European countries and dietary factors may be the reason. A western diet, high in fat, can be a determining factor.
Women who swallow a combined oral contraceptive pill (combination of estrogen and progesterone) have a lower risk of developing endometrial cancer. However, uterine cancer (endometrial cancer) is increasingly seen in young women who do not exhibit any of these risk factors. Women with a hereditary genetic disorder (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome) also have an increased risk of uterine cancer.
Classification of uterine cancer
There are two major histological types of uterine cancer. They are defined according to the cells from which they exist:
The classical endometrial or endometrial adenocarcinoma (Type I)
This represents 85% of endometrial cancer. The treatments proposed here refer to this uterine cancer.
The non-endometrial adenocarcinoma (type II)
This type classifies the serous carcinomas, the clear cells carcinomas, and the adenosquamous carcinomas. They ask all three for specific treatment plans that we do not discuss here.
Uterine cancer spreads through different ways.
Direct dredging to the surrounding structures
This is the most common bowel cancer pathway. They can directly affect the following anatomical areas:
- the cervix
- the ovaries and fallopian tubes
- the parametria (crossed through the ureter and the uterus)
- the vagina
- the abdominal cavity (through the opening of the fallopian tubes)
Through the lymph vessels may uterine cancer spread to the lymph nodes.
Searing through blood vessels
That sowing is very rare at an early stage of the disease. If it happens, it is mainly about sores to the lungs, but sometimes also the liver, the brain or the bones.
Stages of uterine cancer
A surgical procedure can determine the extent to which the cancer is sown.
Stage I
- Stage Ia: tumor restricted to the endometrium
- Stage Ib: impairment of less than half of the uterine muscle
- Stage Ic: Injury of more than half of the uterine muscle
- Stage IIa: impairment of the endocervical lymph nodes
- Stage IIb: Cervical stroma cavity (tissue around the cervix)
- Stage IIIa: the tumor spread to the uterus and/or appendages of the uterus and/or positive peritoneal cytology (cancerous cells in the abdominal wall)
- Stage IIIb: vaginal sores
- Stage IIIc: Pancreatic lymph nodes and/or para-aortic lymph nodes
- Stage IVa: Extension of the tumor to the bladder or intestinal wall
- Stage IVb: Remote disturbances, including lymph nodes and/or stomach ulcerations
*Image source : National Cancer Institute
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